The research-creation project "The originality in copying culture" was registered in the Coordination of Research and Graduate of the Instittuto de Arquitectura Diseño y Arte (IADA) at the Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ) under the responsibility of Dr. Carles Mendez Llopis of the Academic Group Gráfica Contemporánea (Contemporary Graphics, UACJ-65 ) in May of 2010 with the completion date of May 2012. The project with the collaboration of researchers and professionals from 12 international universities as well as (...) 10 students from different academic programs worldwide. The book comprises the writings and reproduction of the graphic works germinated about the project. These works will be exhibited nationally and internationally and will eventually become part of the art collection of the Instituto de Arquitectura Diseño y Arte, where through the Academic Group Contemporary Graphics will be recorded, documented and cataloged. (shrink)

Remembering seems, to philosophers and scientists, one of the most mystifying of human activities. Yet natural language users have no problem understanding what is meant by ‘memory’. Memory is simply the ability to recall personally experienced events and certain kinds of information such as facts, names, or faces; or how to perform certain actions, like riding a bike or playing chess. It is on this basis that people sometimes make claims about themselves or others having a good or bad memory, (...) especially for things like names, numbers, or faces. Why then is memory such a mystery? Because, firstly, of its diversity: memory enables us to perform a plethora of different tasks, including the continuous interpretation of every moment of consciousness. Secondly, different forms of memory have different standards of accuracy, and often dramatically different criteria for success. (shrink)

This remarkable book presents a rich and up-to-date view of evolution that explores the far-reaching implications of Darwin's theory and emphasizes the power, significance, and relevance of evolution to our lives today. After all, we ourselves are the product of evolution, and we can tackle many of our gravest challenges -- from lethal resurgence of antiobiotic-resistant diseases to the wave of extinctions that looms before us -- with a sound understanding of the science.

The dominant neuroscientific theory of spatial memory is, like many theories in neuroscience, a multilevel description of a mechanism. The theory links the activities of molecules, cells, brain regions, and whole organisms into an integrated sketch of an explanation for the ability of organisms to navigate novel environments. Here I develop a taxonomy of interlevel experimental strategies for integrating the levels in such multilevel mechanisms. These experimental strategies include activation strategies, interference strategies, and additive strategies. These strategies are mutually reinforcing, (...) providing a kind of interlevel and intratheoretic robustness that has not previously been recognized. (shrink)

Resumen El presente estudio investiga la opción cristiana por la virginidad en el pensamiento de Clemente de Alejandría. En nuestro autor no se encuentra una doctrina organizada sobre la virginidad cristiana, sin embargo, resulta sorprendente que si se estudian estos comentarios aislados de forma conjunta, se puede descubrir de forma clara y certera el pensamiento del maestro de Alejandría sobre la virginidad dentro del cristianismo. En este estudio, las citas textuales de las obras de Clemente de Alejandría servirán de referencia (...) y nos guiarán en el desarrollo de su visión sobre la virginidad cristiana.The present study investigates the Christian option for virginity in the thought of Clement of Alexandria. In our author there is no organized doctrine about Christian virginity, however, it is surprising that if these isolated comments are studied together, we can discover clearly and accurately the thought of the master of Alexandria about virginity within Christianity. In this study, the textual citations of the works of Clement of Alexandria will serve as reference and will guide us in the development of his vision of Christian virginity. (shrink)

Clemente de Alejandría fundó la filosofía cristiana demostrando que fe y filosofía son verdaderamente complementarias. Nacido a mediados del siglo II, inauguró la convergencia y alianza entre el cristianismo y la cultura griega. Sus obras poseen un valor inestimable dentro de la literatura eclesiástica y de la filosofía cristiana de los primeros siglos de la Iglesia. El presente estudio aborda desde la antropología filosófica el pensamiento de Clemente de Alejandría sobre el matrimonio cristiano. Es cierto que el matrimonio no constituye (...) uno de los temas centrales en las obras del autor cristiano, no obstante, dedicó gran parte del tercer libro de los Stromata a refutar doctrinas heréticas surgidas en torno al matrimonio. Este trabajo presenta una reflexión de tipo filosófico sobre los textos que se encuentran en las obras de Clemente de Alejandría en las que fundamenta su visión sobre el matrimonio. La finalidad, características, dignidad del matrimonio así como las segundas nupcias son algunas de las cuestiones que se tratan en este estudio desde la antropología filosófica. (shrink)

Resumen: El artículo analiza la musicalización de la ficción presente en Vals de Francesc Trabal, considerada su obra maestra. El artículo sugiere una lectura diferente de la novela a partir del concepto de intermedialidad y mediante dos ejes: la imitación y la tematización. De esta manera se observa que la relación entre esta ficción musicalizada y la noción de ironía metaficcional es muy estrecha y ayuda a entender el juego lúdico establecido por Trabal.: This paper analyzes the musicalization of the (...) fiction present in Vals, the most valued novel of Francesc Trabal. The present article suggests a different reading of this novel based on the concept of intermediality and through two axes: imitation and thematization. In this sense, a very close relation between this musicalized fiction and the notion of metafictional irony is observed and it helps to understand the ludic proposal established by Trabal. (shrink)

Este trabajo se propone estudiar las características de los paralogismos de composición y división (Retórica II 24.II, 1401a), de la consecuencia (Retórica II 24.VI, 1401b20-30) y de la causa aparente (Retórica II 24.VII, 1401b30-34), de modo de analizar si Eurípides los utiliza en el agón de Andrómaca de los versos 577 a 746 This paper intends to study the characteristics of paralogisms due to composition and division (Rhetoric II 24.II, 1401a), due to consequent (Rhetoric II 24.VI, 1401b20-30), and due to (...) false cause (Rhetoric II 24.VII, 1401b30-34), in order to analyze if Euripides uses them in the agon in Andromache (577-746). (shrink)

A prepositional logic S has the Converse Ackermann Property (CAP) if (AB)C is unprovable in S when C does not contain . In A Routley-Meyer semantics for Converse Ackermann Property (Journal of Philosophical Logic, 16 (1987), pp. 65–76) I showed how to derive positive logical systems with the CAP. There I conjectured that each of these positive systems were compatible with a so-called semiclassical negation. In the present paper I prove that this conjecture was right. Relational Routley-Meyer type semantics are (...) provided for each one of the resulting systems (the positive systems plus the semiclassical negation). (shrink)

The importance of fairness in machine learning models is widely acknowledged, and ongoing academic debate revolves around how to determine the appropriate fairness definition, and how to tackle the trade-off between fairness and model performance. In this paper we argue that besides these concerns, there can be ethical implications behind seemingly purely technical choices in fairness interventions in a typical model development pipeline. As an example we show that the technical choice between in-processing and post-processing is not necessarily value-free and (...) may have serious implications in terms of who will be affected by the specific fairness intervention. The paper reveals how assessing the technical choices in terms of their ethical consequences can contribute to the design of fair models and to the related societal discussions. (shrink)

En el escenario actual de Cuba y el mundo la migración al software libre constituye una necesidad para el desarrollo para garantizar la independencia tecnológica. Los procedimientos para realizar dicho proceso son fundamentales en la estrategia definida por el país que incluye la "Guía cubana de migración al software libre", sin embargo, su aplicación práctica enfrenta dificultades que han motivado a los autores a la elaboración de una estrategia específica para la migración al software libre en el sector de la (...) Salud Pública de la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba. En esta estrategia se proponen las acciones concretas, los programas docentes que permitirán la recalificación del capital humano y las acciones que posibiliten garantizar la sostenibilidad de la migración al concluir el proceso. In the present Cuban and world scenarios the migration to free software constitutes a need for the development to guarantee technological independence. The procedures to carry out that process are vital in the strategy defined by the country that includes “Cuban guidelines for the migration to free software” however its practical implementation is facing difficulties that have motivated the authors to elaborate a specific strategy form the migration to free software in the Public health sector in the province of Camagüey, Cuba. In this strategy actions are suggested, like teaching programs that will allow the recertification of the capital human resources and steps that will make possible to guarantee the sustainability of the migration at the end of the process. (shrink)

Carl F. Craver investigates what we are doing when we use neuroscience to explain what's going on in the brain. When does an explanation succeed and when does it fail? Craver offers explicit standards for successful explanation of the workings of the brain, on the basis of a systematic view about what neuroscientific explanations are.

Drawing from ethnographic research in the Research Triangle of North Carolina and Williamsburg, Virginia, the authors build on Anzaldúa's conceptualization of “borderlands” to analyze how borders of social membership are constructed and enforced in “el Nuevo South.” Our gender analysis reveals that intersecting structural conditions—the labor market, the organization of public space, and the institutional organization of health care and other public services—combine with gendered processes in the home and family to regulate women's participation in community life. Enforcers of borders (...) include institutional actors, mostly women, in social services and clinics who occupy institutional locations that enable them to define who is entitled to public goods and to categorize migrants as undeserving “others.” We reveal how a particularly configured matrix of domination transcends the spheres of home, work, and community to constrain women migrants' physical and economic mobility and personal autonomy and to inhibit their participation in their societies of reception. (shrink)

Carl Craver investigates what we are doing when we sue neuroscience to explain what's going on in the brain.

This paper offers a particular intuitionistic negation completion of Urquhart's system C resulting in a super-intuitionistic contractionless propositional logic equivalent to Dummett's LC without contraction.

El presente artículo presenta a un nuevo tipo de protagonista desarrollado en el manganime japonés:los héroes/heroínas nihilistamina. A diferencia del entusiasta héroe shōnen, los personajes de algunos de los títulos más populares del medio se sacrifican para la supervivencia de la humanidad pese a su visión nihilista del mundo, marcada por el trauma, la desafección institucional y los trastornos mentales. Mediante un análisis narratológico de sus funciones, apoyado en una presentación del contexto del humanitarismo en Japón,ofrecemos un punto de partida (...) para integrar este tipo de personajes en los estudios sobre la representación del humanitarismo en la ficción contemporánea. (shrink)

Unlike exploitative exchanges, exchanges featuring externalities have never seemed to pose particular problems to liberal theories of justice. State interference with exchanges featuring externalities seems permissible, like it is for coercive or deceptive exchanges. This is because exchanges featuring negative externalities seem to be clear cases of the two exchanging parties harming a third one via the exchange—and thus of conduct violating the harm principle. This essay aims to put this idea into question. I will argue that exchanges featuring negative (...) externalities are not unjust in this straightforward way, i.e. because they would constitute an instance of wrongfully causing or risking a bodily or material harm. In fact, unless we are subscribing to particularly demanding variants of liberalism—e.g. perfectionist liberalism—or unless we are exclusively focusing on borderline cases of externalities—i.e. of effects of exchanges hardly to be called externalities—there is no liberal theory of how exchanges featuring externalities are unjust. (shrink)

Stem cells are likely to be used as an alternate source of biological material for neural transplantation to treat Parkinson’s disease in the not too distant future. Among the several ethical criteria that must be fulfilled before proceeding with clinical research, a favourable benefit to risk ratio must be obtained. The potential benefits to the participant and to society are evaluated relative to the risks in an attempt to offer the participants a reasonable choice. Through examination of preclinical studies transplanting (...) stem cells in animals and the transplantation of fetal tissue in patients with Parkinson’s disease, a current set of potential benefits and risks for neural transplantation of stem cells in clinical research of Parkinson’s disease are derived. The potential benefits to research participants undergoing stem cell transplantation are relief of parkinsonian symptoms and decreasing doses of parkinsonian drugs. Transplantation of stem cells as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease may benefit society by providing knowledge that can be used to help determine better treatments in the future. The risks to research participants undergoing stem cell transplantation include tumour formation, inappropriate stem cell migration, immune rejection of transplanted stem cells, haemorrhage during neurosurgery and postoperative infection. Although some of these risks are general to neurosurgical transplantation and may not be reduced for participants, the potential risk of tumour formation and inappropriate stem cell migration must be minimised before obtaining a favourable potential benefit to risk calculus and to provide participants with a reasonable choice before they enrol in clinical studies. (shrink)

Business ethics has become a very important concern in global business and understanding the effects of various factors on ethical judgments continues to attract research and practitioner attention. Using the Multidimensional Ethics Scale with its five generally accepted philosophical constructs, and vignettes developed by Cohen et al., current study investigates the relationship between cultural values, personality, religiosity and the ethical sensitivity of business students. We focus on a rapidly emerging country, Turkey, whose economic environment is similar to that of the (...) most Western nations but with a significantly different background and cultural values. Data for the study is collected from a major university in the southeastern Turkey. Although some significant relationships are identified between ethical sensitivity and cultural values and personality, our study findings confirm that MES dimensions had the highest influence on ethical sensitivity levels of business students. (shrink)

In his historical perspective on the changes in scientific thought over the last 100 years, Carl N. Degler explores the study of social evolution and the ongoing search for human nature. In Search of Human Nature provides a detailed perspective on the reasons behind the shifting emphasis in social thought from biology, to culture, and again to biology. Degler examines why these changes took place, the evidence and people fostering these changes and why students of human nature decided to accept (...) this momentous change in thought. He suggests varying ideologies as the underlying force behind this shift in the study of social science. From Darwin's theory that human social behaviour has drastically evolved from animals, to the belief that human experience serves as the basic differentiating factor in humans, Degler provides a thorough and captivating examination of the roots of human behaviour. (shrink)

We prove that the least σ-algebra containing the projective sets and closed under projections is exactly the collection of hyperprojective sets which, with their complements, can be inductively defined with real parameters by an induction of countable length. This provides a construction principle for this natural class of hyperprojective sets.

Despite organizational ethical training programs, some employees still engage in unethical behavior. As such, organizational researchers have sought to examine why employees engage in unethical behavior and whether interventions can improve ethical misconduct. While some instruments measure moral development or ethical/unethical behaviors toward the organization, this study utilized a unique scale which evaluates perceptions of ethical misconduct (PEMS). Data from a large Midwestern university, a large Southeastern university, and Amazon’s Mechanical Turk were used in the analyses. An exploratory and confirmatory (...) factor analyses were used in the creation of the PEMS. To examine the validity of the scale, the PEMS was correlated to scales which measure Dark Triad traits and Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWBs). Findings showed a significant positive correlation between the PEMS and both scales. The results also show that the PEMS mediates the relationship between psychopathy and CWBs. (shrink)

With In Search of Mechanisms, Carl F. Craver and Lindley Darden offer both a descriptive and an instructional account of how biologists discover mechanisms. Drawing on examples from across the life sciences and through the centuries, Craver and Darden compile an impressive toolbox of strategies that biologists have used and will use again to reveal the mechanisms that produce, underlie, or maintain the phenomena characteristic of living things. They discuss the questions that figure in the search for mechanisms, characterizing the (...) experimental, observational, and conceptual considerations used to answer them, all the while providing examples from the history of biology to highlight the kinds of evidence and reasoning strategies employed to assess mechanisms. At a deeper level, Craver and Darden pose a systematic view of what biology is, of how biology makes progress, of how biological discoveries are and might be made, and of why knowledge of biological mechanisms is important for the future of the human species. (shrink)

RESUMEN Aunque la educación superior cubana constituye un espacio privilegiado para la atención a la diversidad cultural, se identifica la carencia de una concepción de la interculturalidad desde el sujeto que vive la experiencia y cuya cultura de origen se instaura como dimensión mediatizadora de la relación con respecto a otros; carencia no abordada en profundidad a través del prisma de la sicología social. En este orden se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de profundizar en el enfoque sicosocial (...) expresivo de las relaciones interculturales contextualizadas en la enseñanza médica superior cubana; la misma, contribuyó a la comprensión de la expresión subjetiva conformada alrededor de la realidad objeto de estudio. Los resultados permitieron construir un cuerpo teórico descriptivo-explicativo de las emergencias subjetivas que adquieren su especificidad en las relaciones interculturales desde un compromiso práctico y axiológico. A modo de conclusiones se estableció que en la búsqueda de un campo académico unificado y coherente con la complejidad de la realidad objeto de estudio, la sicología social deviene tributaria de un enfoque centrado en el estudio de las formas de subjetividad social que median en las relaciones interculturales desde el contexto de la enseñanza médica superior cubana. ABSTRACT Even though Cuban higher education is a privileged space for the attention of cultural diversity, the lack of an intercultural conception from the person who lives the experience and whose home culture is established as an interfering dimension in his relationship with others is identified; a problem which is not dealt with in depth through the perspective of social psychology. Therefore, a bibliographic review was made in order to go into depth in the expressive psychosocial approach to intercultural relationships put in context in Cuban higher medical education. It contributed to the understanding of the subjective expression which makes the reality of the object of study. The results allowed to make a descriptive-explanatory theoretical body of the subjective emergencies which become specific in intercultural relationships from a practical and axiological commitment. As a conclusion, it was established the search of an academic field which can be unifying and coherent with the complexity of the reality object of study. Social psychology becomes tributary of an approach that is centered in the study of social subjectivity forms that mediate in intercultural relationships from the context of Cuban higher medical education. (shrink)

RESUMENEste trabajo se interesa por una acepción de cultura que ha cobrado una indudable importancia en los últimos timepos y que tiene que ver con la definición de identidades y delimitación de fronteras entr grupos. NUestro propósito es no tomar dicha acepción como algo obvio y para ello intentamos recuperar su historicidad refiriéndonos a la oposición entre cultura y civilización que se traza a finales del s. XVIII en Alemania. Lejos de ser un término neutro, el sesgo y las implicaciones (...) filosóficas de cultura nos remiten a lo que Berlin ha denominado la contra-ilustración. PALABRAS CLAVECULTURA-CIVILIZACION-CONTRA-INLUSTRACION-PLURALISMOABSTRACTTHis paper focuses on one respect of cultura that has drawn an unquestionable attention lately. This has to do with the definition of identities and with the drawing of boundaries among groups. Our aim is not to consider it as self-evident. To that end, we try to retrieve its historicity by reerring to the oposition of culture and civiltiation advanced in Germany by the end of the XVIIIth century. Far from being a neutral term, the feature and the philosophic implications of culture lead us to what Berlin has called the counter-Enlightement.KEYWORDSCULTURE-CIVILITATION-COUNTER-ENLIGHTEMENT-PLURALISM. (shrink)